Propagation of non-linear ion-sound pulses in dusty plasma waveguides

There are a lot of objects in space associated with dusty plasma inclusions. Such inclusions may bear a prolonged shape and behave as waveguides for ion-sound waves. In the case of space plasmas, the dust particles can possess both negative charge, due to electron attachment, and positive one, due to photoionization. In this paper the propagation of linear and non-linear ion-sound wave pulses in the dusty plasma waveguides, possessing positive charge, is studied. It has been demonstrated that non-linear dynamics of baseband pulse propagation in plasma waveguide possesses essentially non-solitonic behavior. Namely, propagation of a long ion-sound pulse leads to an excitation of a shock-like wave but not a stable localized nonlinear pulse. Also, when a Korteveg–de Vries (KdV) soliton is incident onto the dusty plasma waveguide, some part of the soliton energy is captured by the waveguide and transformed into a multi-pulse structure. Additionally, an interaction of dusty plasma inclusions with KdV soliton can lead to the occurrence of transverse instabilities of the soliton and its eventual destruction.     

高超声速飞行器流动特征分析

在非流线型构件或突起物的扰动效应、高马赫数和低雷诺数极限效应、低湍流度环境效应和由激波或摩擦导致的气动加热效应等4个方面的影响下,未来高超声速飞行器涉及的流动主要表现出这样的特点:典型流动结构强度高、尺度大,如强激波和厚边界层;局部流动结构数量多;激波、膨胀波和边界层结构之间相互干扰十分严重;转捩、压力脉动和一些流动结构对细微因素非常敏感;压力、摩擦应力和热流峰值现象普遍;升阻比屏障难以突破;流场同时依赖大量无量纲参数和有量纲参数,导致实验模拟难度大。本文在回顾传统高超声速流动主要流动现象的基础上,对上述7个方面涉及的典型流动现象的基础研究现状、问题本质和因果关系进行综合描述,讨论如何更有效地面对基础研究和工程实际问题。该文既可为解决典型流动现象中尚未解决的基础研究提供帮助,也可为如何合理地利用有限的已知知识解决工程应用问题提供指导。     

直升机的气动弹性问题

直升机的气动弹性问题与固定翼飞机不同,不仅要考虑单片桨叶,更要将旋翼视为一个整体,考虑其动态入流、尾迹影响以及旋翼与机身之间的相互耦合等。就单片桨叶而言,在结构动力学上,需要考虑离心力场、几何非线性以及桨叶的非线性挥舞-摆振-扭转耦合;在气动力上,需要考虑动态入流以及桨尖处可能的失速效应,本质上属于非线性气动弹性力学范畴。由于旋翼气动力通常是以周期形式通过旋翼轴传给机身,并引起机身振动,而机身运动又通过改变桨叶根部形态反过来影响旋翼的气动弹性特性,这种旋翼/机身耦合问题,也是近年来直升机气动弹性问题研究中的重要方向和热点之一。此外,随着旋翼流场数值分析方法的日趋成熟,采用动态重叠网格或滑移网格方法来实现桨叶运动,并通过动网格技术来实现桨叶的弹性变形,从而实现弹性旋翼流场的数值模拟,目前正呈现出勃勃生机,成为直升机气动弹性研究的又一重要方向和热点。随着各种新构型直升机的相继出现,如倾转旋翼机、前行桨叶概念旋翼(ABC)直升机和复合式直升机等,也带来了新的气动弹性问题。不断发现问题、解决问题,推动本学科持续发展,永远是气动弹性工作者终身奋斗的目标。     

小型无人倾转旋翼机气动与操纵特性试验研究

由于倾转旋翼机飞行模式多,各部件气动干扰复杂且操纵面冗余,特别是倾转过渡模式,短舱带动旋翼系统倾转,结构布局发生改变,从理论上确定气动与操纵特性难度大。为了研究倾转旋翼机的气动与操纵特性,对某小型无人倾转旋翼机展开全尺寸、全模式吹风试验,其中不带动力试验主要用于研究倾转旋翼机在不同迎角、短舱倾角、前飞速度等飞行状态下的气动特性;带动力试验主要用于研究倾转旋翼机不同飞行模式带机翼与不带机翼时,旋翼/机翼/襟副翼相互干扰作用,以及总距、副翼、升降舵的操纵功效。根据试验数据推导出小型无人倾转旋翼机全包线飞行的操纵特性方法,对进一步完善倾转旋翼机设计以及试飞试验的成功提供了参考。     

轴向间距对涡轮时序效应影响的数值研究

时序效应可以改进多级叶轮机械的效率,为了探讨轴向间距对时序效应的影响,并应用到叶轮机械气动设计中,对1.5级静/动/静布局的涡轮叶片进行了3维非定常数值模拟。结果表明:保持轴向间距不改变,转子居中时涡轮效率整体最高,时均效率最大值为0.866,转子前移时次之,时均效率最大值为0.861,转子后移时效率最低,时均效率最大值仅为0.859,且转子相对位置发生改变并不影响效率-时序位置曲线;总轴向间距变大,时序效应变弱,效率提升幅度仅为0.7个百分点,效率-时序位置曲线随之改变。     

平板上钝缘舵在超声速绕流中的三维分离特性研究

对于平板上的直立钝缘舵在M_∞=1.79、2.04和2.50的条件下,研究了该平板干扰区中的三维分离特性。着重讨论了钝缘直径、舵面迎角和来流马赫数对主分离线位置和形状的影响。分析了该类三维分离在性态上更强地依赖于无粘流动特性。此外,还对分离区内的二次分离发展过程和形态进行了初步讨论。     

倾转旋翼机小速度前飞的尾迹涡演化及其对平尾的影响

采用基于运动嵌套网格的CFD方法计算了倾转旋翼机直升机状态和过渡状态下的流场,研究了在小速度前飞下的尾迹涡演化和其对平尾气动力的影响.直升机状态下,前飞速度≤4m/s时,旋翼尾迹主要在机翼附近,与机翼干扰形成喷泉效应,但对平尾无影响.随着前飞速度增大,喷泉效应与自由来流的综合作用形成喷泉涡,喷泉涡产生于机翼上表面,呈流...     

Injection of 40-kHz-modulated electron beam from the satellite: II. Excitation of electrostatic and whistler waves

Beam-plasma interaction effects are studied during the active space experiment with electron and Xe-ion beam injections in an ionospheric plasma. Permanent 40-kHz-modulated electron beam injection occurs simultaneously with a xenon-ion beam injected by the Hall-type plasma thruster operating in a square-pulse mode (100/50 s for a job/pause duration). The unusual behavior of the background charged particle fluxes and wave activity stimulated during the beam-plasma interaction have been registered by the scientific instruments onboard Intercosmos-25 station (IK-25) and Magion-3 subsatellite. The longitudinal and electromagnetic wave instabilities and their mutual relationship are considered in order to explain the observed effects. The excitation of electrostatic waves by the electron injection has been considered for different resonance conditions near the linear stability boundary. Beam-driven electromagnetic instability is responsible for the backward-propagating whistler waves excited via cyclotron resonance. Competition of these two beam instabilities is one of the subjects of the present study.     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

用于BVI噪声试验的新型涡发生器设计与分析

针对直升机特有的旋翼桨/涡干扰(Blade vortex interaction,BVI)噪声计算精度低且试验数据缺乏问题,也为了开展旋翼气动噪声特性分离方法的验证试验研究,本文设计了一种能够用于BVI噪声试验的新型多段翼型组合式涡发生器。首先通过CATIA软件建立涡发生器出口端翼型段在不同迎角下的试验模型,再使用FLUENT软件建立涡发生器的流场仿真计算模型,比较分析了不同翼型段迎角下的涡流流场。随后用粒子图像测速法(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)技术系统测量了不同翼型段迎角、距离涡发生器出口端的长度及流速等参数变化下的涡流流场,对不同试验状态下的涡核、涡强等参数进行了对比分析。针对涡量偏弱的缺点,对传统单级涡发生器进行了改进,设计研发了双级涡发生段。试验证明其能产生更强且稳定的涡,为BVI噪声试验提供了模拟的桨尖涡,试验结果表明了涡发生器的有效性。